Source: The Mc Nally Institute, 1637 Sand Key Estates Ct. Clearwater, Fl 33767
Known carcinogens are defined as "those substances for which the evidence from human studies indicates that there is a casual relationship between the exposure to the substance and human cancer."
In the following list I
have noted some commercial uses for each of the carcinogens shown. As you would
expect, this is a developing subject.
Be sure to use dual
seals any time you have to pump these chemicals.
4-Aminobiphenyl...... No commercial use in the United States.
Was used as a rubber antioxidant and as a reagent for detecting sulfates.
Analgesic mixtures
containing Phenacetin...... Prescription and
over the counter drugs.
Arsenic and certain
Arsenic compounds...... Pesticides, wood
preservatives, alloying additive, glass and nonferrous alloys.
Asbestos...... Insulation, gasketing, packing, coatings,
plastics, textiles, friction materials.
Azathioprine...... Medical use.
Benzene ... Solvent, gasoline additive.
Benzidine ..... Dyes in textile and paper
Bis(chloromethyl)ether
and technical grade Chloromethyl Methyl Ether ..... Synthesis of plastic and ion exchanger
resins
1,4-Butanediol
Dimethylsulfonate (Myleran) ..... Medical use.
Chlorambucil ..... Medical use.0Chromium and certain Chromium compounds ..... Stainless steel, pigment, medical,
plating, wood treatment, paint.
Conjugated Estrogens ..... Medical uses.
Cyclophosphamide ..... Medical uses.
Diethylstilbestrol ..... Medical uses.
Melphalan ..... Medical uses.
Methoxsalen with
Ultra-violet A Therapy (PUVA) ..... Medical uses.
Mustard Gas ..... Biological studies, weapons.
2-Naphthylamine ..... Dyes, rubber, used only for research
purposes.
Thorium Dioxide ..... Nuclear, flame spraying, welding
electrodes, high temperature ceramics.
Vinyl Chloride ..... Plastics, wrapping film, phonograph
records, credit cards, floor tiles.
In addition to the above
chemicals there are substances which may reasonably be anticipated to be
carcinogens. Defined as "those for which there is a limited evidence of
carcinogenicity in humans or sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in
experimental animals".
2-Acetylaminofluorene ..... Medical uses.
Acrylonitrile ..... Synthetic fibers resins, plastics,
elastomers .
Adriamycin ..... Medical uses.
Aflatoxins ..... Research.
2-Aminoanthraquinone ..... Dyes, paints plastics, rubber, printing
inks.
o-Aminoazotoluene ..... Pigments, coloring oils, wax polishes.
1-Amino-2-methyllanthraquinine ..... Dye for synthetic fibers as well as animal
furs.
Amitrole ..... Herbicide, now limited to non-crop
applications.
o-Anisidine
Hydrochloride ..... Dyes.
Benzotrichloride ..... Plastics, dyes and pigments.
Beryllium and certain
Beryllium compounds ..... Alloys for
aerospace applications, ceramic additive to glass and plastic.
Bischloroethyl
Nitrousourea ..... Medical uses
1,3-Butadiene ..... Synthetic rubber, tires, nylon carpet
backing, latex adhesives.
Cadmium and certain
Cadmium compounds ..... Coating and
plating.
Carbon Tetrachloride ..... Production of Freon 11 & 12,
degreasing, plastic and resin production.
Chlorendic Acid ... Flame retardant, foams.
Chlorinated Parraffins
(C12, 60% Chlorine) ..... Lubricant
additive, flame retardant, rubber production
1-(2-Chloroethy)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea
(CCNU) ... Medical uses.
Chloroform ..... Production of fluorocarbon, refrigerant,
heat transfer medium in fire extinguishers.
3-Chloro-2-methylpropene ..... Fumigant, textile additive, plastics.
4-Chloro-o-phenylenediamine ..... Hair dye, photographic chemicals.
C.I. Basic Red 9
Monohydrochloride ..... Dye for textiles, leather
printing inks, china clay.
p-Cresidine ..... Dyes.
Cupferron ..... A reagent to separate tin from zinc and
copper and iron from other metals.
Dacarbazine ... Medical uses.
DDT ..... Insecticide. In the US. it used only under
Public Health Service supervision.
2,4-Diaminoanisole
Sulfate ..... Fur, acrylic
fiber, polyester, wool , cotton and hair dye.
2,4Diaminotoluene ..... Polyurethane, dye.
1,2-Dibromo-3-ch
loropropane ..... Soil fumigant.
1,2-Dibromoethane
(EDB) ..... Gasoline antiknock additive, pesticide.
1,4-Dichlorobenzene ..... Space deodorant (toilets, rooms)
germicide.
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
and 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine Dithydrochloride ..... Pigments.
1,2-Dichlorethane ..... Component of leaded fuel, production of
vinyl chloride.
Dichloromethane
(Methylene Chloride) ..... Solvent in paint
removers, manufacture of vitamins, degreasing agent.
1,3-Dichloropropene
(Technical Grade) ..... Pesticides.
Diepoxybutane ..... Curing agent for polymers.
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate ..... Used to make poly vinyl chloride.
Diethyl Sulfate ..... Surfactants, dyes, agricultural chemicals.
Diglycidyl Resorcinol
Ether ..... Liquid epoxy resin.
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine ..... Production of azo dyes.
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene ..... To color polishes and other wax products.
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine ..... Dye, chlorine test kits.
Dimethylcarbamoyl
Chloride ..... Dyes, pesticide.
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
..... Propellant for
liquid fuel rockets.
Dimethyl Sulfate ..... Used to manufacture other chemicals.
Dimethylvinyl Chloride ..... Organic synthesis.
1,4-Dioxane ..... Stabilizer in chlorinated solvents.
Direct Black 38 ..... Dye.
Direct Blue 6 ..... Dye.
Epichlorohydrin ..... Epoxy resins.
Estrogens (Not
Conjugated): Estradiol-17ß ..... Medical uses.
Estrogens (Not
Conjugated): Estrone ..... Medical uses.
Estrogens (Not
Conjugated): Ethinylestradiol ..... Medical uses.
Estrogens (Not
Conjugated): Mestranol ..... Medical uses.
Ethyl Acrylate ..... Paper coatings, emulsion based polymers.
Ethylene Oxide ..... Manufacture of ethylene glycol and
polyester.
Ethylene Thiourea .... Rubber, O-rings, electroplating.
Formaldehyde (Gas) ..... Adhesives, chemical production, Medical
uses.
Hexachlorobenzene ..... Pesticide.
Hexamethylphossphoramide ..... Solvent for polymers, de-icing additive
for jet fuels.
Hydrazine and
Hydrazine Sulfate ..... Agricultural
chemicals, rocket fuel, oxygen scavenger in boiler feed water.
Hydrazobenzene ..... Dye, additive to motor oil.
Iron Dextran Complex ..... Medical uses.
Kepone® (Chlordecone) ..... Insecticide, no longer used in the US.
Lead Acetate and Lead
Phosphate ..... Drier in paints
and varnish, colorant in hair dyes.
Lindane and other
Hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers ..... Insecticidal
treatment for wood, grain and live stock.
2-Methylaziridine
(Proplyleneimine) ..... Paper, textile,
rubber.
4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)
(MBOCA) ..... Curing agent.
4,4'-Methylenebis(N,N-dimethyl)benzenamine ..... Dye.
4,4'-Methylenedianiline
and its Dihydrochloride ..... Manufacture of polyisocynates
and isocyanates.
Metronidazole ..... Medical uses.
Michler's Ketone ..... Dyes and pigments.
Mirex ..... Pesticide, fire retardant.
Nickel and certain
Nickel compounds ..... Stainless and
alloy steel.
Nitrilotriacetic Acid ..... Detergent, water treatment.
5-Nitro-o-Anisidine ..... Dye.
Nitofen ..... No present commercial use. Was a
herbicide.
Nitrogen Mustard
Hydrochloride ..... Medical uses.
2-Nitropropane ..... Solvent, inks, paints polymers.
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine ..... Medical uses.
N-Nitrosodiethanolamine ..... No commercial use.
N-Nitrosodiethylamine ..... Stabilizer in plastics, gasoline and
lubricant additive.
N-Nitrosodimethylamine ..... Liquid rocket fuel, solvent.
p-Nitrosodiphenylamine ..... Rubber, dye.
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine ..... No commercial use. Used in cancer
research.
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea ..... No commercial use.
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea ..... Medical uses
N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine ..... Research chemical.
N-Nitrosomorpholine ..... No commercial use.
N-Nitrosonornicotine ..... Research chemical.
N-Nitrosopiperidine ..... Epoxy resin.
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine ..... No commercial use.
N-Nitrososarcosine .... No commercial use
Norethisterone ..... Medical uses
4,4'-Oxydianiline ..... Production of polyimide and
poly(ester)mide resins.
Oxymetholone ..... Medical uses.
Phenacetin ..... Medical uses.
PhenazopyridineHydrochloride .. .. Medical uses.
Phenoxybenzamine
Hydrochloride ..... Medical uses.
Phenytoin ..... Medical uses.
Polybrominated
Biphenyls ..... Flame retardant,
plastics.
Polychlorinated
Biphenyls .... Heat transfer and
hydraulic fluids.
Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbones, 15 listings .... Coal tar, roofing,
creosote, asphalt
- Benza(a)anthracene
- Benzo(b)fluoranthene
- Benzo(j)fluoranthene
- Benzo(k)fluoranthene
- Benzo(a)pyrene
- Dibenz(a,h)acridine
- Dibenz(a,j)acridine
- Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
- 7H-Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole
- Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene
- Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene
- Dibenzo(a,l)pyrene
- Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
- 5-Methylchrysene
Procarbazine
Hydrochloride ..... Medical uses.
Progesterone ..... Medical uses.
1,3-Propane Sultone ..... Detergents lathering agents.
Propiolactone ..... Medical uses.
Propylene Oxide ..... Coatings and adhesives.
Propylthiouracil ..... Medical uses.
Reserpine ..... Medical uses.
Saccharin ..... Sweetening agent.
Safrole ..... Flavoring agent.
Selenium Sulfide ..... Shampoos.
Streptozotocin ..... Medical uses.
Sulfallate ..... Herbicide.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
(TCDD) ..... Research chemical.
Tetrachloroethylene
(Perchloroethylene) ..... Dry cleaning and
textile production.
Thioacetamide ..... Replacement for hydrogen sulfide in
qualitative analysis.
Thiourea ..... Animal glue.
Toluene Diisocyanate ..... Polyurethane foam.
o-Toluidine and
o-Toluidine Hydrochloride ..... Dyes and pigments.
Toxaphene ..... Insecticide.
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol ..... Wood preservative, anti mildew.
Tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine
Sulfide ..... Medical uses.
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate ..... No longer used in the US. Was a flame
retardant.
Urethane ..... No commercial use because of its toxicity
Occupational exposures
associated with a technical process that are known to be carcinogenic
- Coke oven emissions
- Soots, tars and mineral oils
Delisted Chemicals
- Aramite® ..... No US. residents exposed.
- N,N-Bis(2-chloroethy)-2-naphthylamine
(Chlornaphazine) .....
No US. residents exposed.
- Cycasin ..... No US. residents exposed.
- Methyl Iodine ..... Re-evaluated by IARC. Now considered to be in
group 2: no evidence for humans, limited evidence for animals.
Source: The Mc Nally Institute, 1637 Sand Key Estates Ct. Clearwater, Fl 33767